History Day 5 - Governors, Governor Generals and their work

Day 5

Governors, Governor Generals, and their work

1) Robert Clive (1765 - 1767 AD) - 

- first Governor of Bengal

- 'Lord' title was given to him first as he successfully defeated the French governor Dupleix in second Anglo-French Battle.

- He started dual government in Bengal under which all the tax was collected by the British East India Company and the administration was under the Nawab.

2) Warren Hastings (1772 - 1785 AD)

- ended dual government system

- established Board of Revenue

- Regulating Act 1773 was passed according to which Warren Hastings was made the first Governor-General Of Bengal.

- Kolkata Supreme court was found in 1774 AD.

- Warren Hastings wrote the introduction of Bhagavad Gita and Charles Wilkins completed the translation of Bhagavad Gita in English.

- In 1784, William Jones founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

- Bengal Gazette, the first Indian Newspaper, was founded.

3) Lord Cornwallis (1786 - 1793 AD)

- started Police System in India

- known as the father of Civil Services in India

- He started a permanent settlement in India in 1793 AD in which 10/11 part of the tax was sent to the British East India Company and 1/11 was collected by zamindars.

4) Lord Wellesley (1798 - 1805 AD)

- started a Subsidiary alliance in India.

- In 1798, Hyderabad became the first state to join the subsidiary alliance.

# Subsidiary alliance was an agreement between the British East India Company and local rulers according to which if a state agrees to the agreement then both the parties, Britishers and the state, will help each other in battles and the British East India Company will aid the state with guns, etc. 

This agreement was introduced by Wellesley due to the fear of losing the battle against Tipu Sultan in the South as Tipu's empire and strength were at its peak and he, Tipu Sultan, also wrote a letter to Napolean Bonaparte to join him in battles against Britishers in India.

1813 Act - By this act, the trade monopoly of the British East India Company was ended except for two trades - tea trade and China trade (Opium/अफ़ीम).

5) Lord William Bentick (1828 - 1835 AD)

- banned Sati System in Bengal with the help of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1829, act 17. The ban was extended to Bombay and Madras in 1830.

- banned Thagi System in 1830 (fully banned by Sleeman in 1837)

- banned Slavery System in 1830 (fully banned by Allenborough in 1843)

- In 1835, he started English education in India, recommended by Lord Macaulay.

Charter Act (1833) - Trade monopoly of British East India Company was completely ended. William Bentick was made first Governor-General of India. 

6) Lord Dalhauji (1848 - 1856 AD)

- started the Doctrine of Lapse in India and captured various states in India.

- Satara was the first state which was captured by the Britishers under the Doctrine of Lapse in 1848.

- Later, Jhansi and Nagpur were also captured in 1853 and 1854 respectively.

- started Railway Line in India from Bombay to Thana (approx. 34 km) in 1853

- started Electric Telegram from Kolkata to Agra in 1853.

- In 1854, started modern Post Office

- started PWD in 1854

- In 1854, Wood's Educational Dispatch came to India

Three universities started in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in 1857.