History Day 12 - Subhash Chandra Bose, the INA and the freedom of India

Day 12

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose 

Tum Mujhe Khoon Do,

Mai Tumhe Aazadi Doonga

Subhash Chandra Bose, born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack, Bengal (present-day Orissa), was an Indian Nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India. After the incident of the Tripura session of Congress in 1939, he left Congress and Dr. Rajendera Prasad was made the president of Congress.

Forward Block Party

Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Forward Block Party in 1939. Subhash Chandra Bose went to Germany in April 1941. In November 1941, with German funds, a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin, and soon a Free India Radio, on which Bose broadcast nightly. A 3,000-strong Free India Legion, comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps, was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India. By spring 1942, in light of Japanese victories in southeast Asia and changing German priorities, a German invasion of India became untenable, and Bose became keen to move to southeast Asia Adolf Hitler, during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942, suggested the same, and offered to arrange for a submarine. Identifying strongly with the Axis powers, and no longer apologetically, Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943. In Madagascar, he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese-held Sumatra in May 1943. 

# Hilter gave 'Netaji' title to Subhash Chandra Bose.

Indian National Army (INA)
Mohan Singh founded INA in 1940 and in 1942, Ras Behari Bose became the head of INA. In 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose became the head of INA, also called the Indian Independence League. 

Slogans given by Subhash Chandra Bose are -
- Jai Hind
- Delhi March
- You give me blood, I will give you freedom

Second World War (1939 - 1945)

Congress resigned from all 7 state governments in 1939.

22 December 1939

Deliverance Day celebrated by Muslim League.

1940

Mahatma Gandhi started Individual Satyagraha at Paavnar in Maharashtra.

- First individual Satyagrahi - Acharya Vinobha Bhave

- Second Satyagrahi - Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru

- Third Satyagrahi - Sardar Patel

Lord Lithgow (1936 - 1943)
Cripps Mission came to India. He gave the proposal of Dominion State. Mahatma Gandhi said it a 'Post-Dated Cheque'. 

8 August 1942 - Mahatma Gandhi started the 'Quit India Movement'.
9 August 1942 - All famous leaders of Congress were arrested by Operation "Zero Hour"

Mahatma Gandhi gave the slogan of 'Do or Die'.

Wavell Plan came to India in 1945 and was rejected. Wavell was the Governor-General of India from 1943 to 1947.

Cabinet Mission
On 23 March 1946, Cabinet Mission came to India. Its members were -
- Pethick Lawrence (Head)
- AV Alexander
- Stafford Cripps

Mountbatten Plan (3 June 1947)
By this plan, Pakistan became free on 14 August 1947 and on 15 August, India became free.

President of Congress - JB Kripalani
Last Governor-General of India before freedom - Lord Mountbatten
First Governor-General of independent India - Lord Mountbatten
Last Governor-General of India - CC Rajgopalachari